E like me kona palena liʻiliʻi loa, ua māhele ʻia ke kila kila no ka pā moku, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kila kila no ka hull, i nā papa ikaika aʻe: ke kila kila nui a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka pā moku e pili ana i ka pā kila wela i hana ʻia e like me nā koi o nā lula kūkulu o ka hui hoʻokaʻawale no ka hana ʻana i nā hale hull moku.Ua māhele ʻia ke kila kila nui o ka China Classification Society standard i ʻehā mau māka maikaʻi: A, B, D, a me E (ie CCSA, CCSB, CCSD, CCSE);ʻo ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe o ka China Classification Society standard he ʻekolu mau pae ikaika, ʻehā mau pae maikaʻi.

Hoʻokahi: kikoʻī papa moku

ʻO nā lula nui o ka hui ʻana:
Kina CCS
ʻAmelika ABS
Kelemānia GL
Palani BV
Norewai DNV
Iapana NK
UK LR
Kolea KR
RINA Italia

ʻElua: Nā ʻano kikoʻī like ʻole
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila no ka hull i nā māka ikaika e like me kona wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ʻo ke kila kila ikaika nui a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe.
Ua māhele ʻia ke kila kila nui o ka China Classification Society standard i ʻehā mau māka maikaʻi: A, B, D, a me E;ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe o ka China Classification Society standard he ʻekolu mau māka ikaika a ʻehā mau māka maikaʻi:

A32 D32 E32 F32 ≤50mm Carbon like Ceq,% ʻaʻole i oi aku ma mua o 0.36>50-100 Carbon like Ceq,% ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.4A36 D36 E36 F36 ≤50mm Carbon like Ceq,% ʻaʻole i oi aku ma mua o 0.38 Ceq equivalent>5 ,% ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.4A40 D40 E40 F40≤50mm Carbon like Ceq,% ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.4>50-100 Carbon like Ceq,% ʻAʻole-carbon equivalent helu kumu C eq（%）=C+Mn/6 +(Cr +Mo+V)/ 5 +(Ni+Cu)/15….. Manaʻo: ʻO ka like kalapona e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole i ke kila ma luna o ke kalapona maoli o ke kiko eutectic i ka hoʻonui a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ke kalapona.

3. Hoʻokomo i ka pā moku Ua māhele ʻia ke kila ikaika maʻamau no ka hoʻolālā hull i ʻehā mau papa: A, B, D a me E. ʻO ka ikaika hua (ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 235N/mm^2) a me ka ikaika tensile (400～520N/ mm^ 2) like, akā, ʻokoʻa ka ikehu hopena ma nā mahana like ʻole;Ua māhele ʻia ke kila kiʻekiʻe o ka hull i nā māka ikaika e like me kona ikaika liʻiliʻi loa, a ua māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia papa ikaika i A, D, E e like me kona ʻano paʻakikī., F4 pae.ʻAʻole emi ka ikaika o A32, D32, E32 a me F32 ma mua o 315N/mm^2, a ʻo ka ikaika tensile ʻo 440～570N/mm^2.-40°, -60° ka paakiki hopena;ʻAʻole emi ka ikaika o A36, D36, E36, F36 ma mua o 355N / mm ^ 2, ʻo ka ikaika tensile he 490 ~ 620N / mm ^ 2, ʻo A, D, E a me F e hōʻike ana i ka paʻakikī o ka hopena i hiki ke loaʻa ma 0 °, -20°, -40°, a me -60°;ʻaʻole emi ka ikaika o A40, D40, E40, a me F40 ma mua o 390N/mm^ 2. ʻO ka ikaika tensile he 510 ~ 660N/mm^2, a ʻo A, D, E, a me F ke hōʻike nei i ka paʻakikī o ka hopena. loaʻa ma 0°, -20°, -40°, a me -60° pakahi.

ʻEhā: nā waiwai mechanical