He haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka pā kila wela, ka hana maʻalahi, maikaʻi ka ductility.He kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī o ka pepa anuanu, paʻakikī ka hana, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka deformation, ikaika kiʻekiʻe.He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o ka pā ʻōwili wela, ʻaneʻane ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), akā maikaʻi ka plasticity, ma ke ʻano maʻamau ka pā mānoanoa, ka pā i ʻōwili ʻia: ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe, ka pā lahilahi maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he stamping. pā.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke anu wela i ʻōwili ʻia i ka pā kila, nā waiwai mechanical, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa i ka hana forging, akā ua maikaʻi ka toughness a me ka ductility anu-rolled steel sheet ma muli o kekahi degere o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā hiki ke hōʻike maikaʻi. hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana puna wai anuanu a me nā ʻāpana, i ka manawa like ma muli o ke kiko hua kokoke i ka ikaika tensile, no laila ʻaʻohe ʻike mua i ka pōʻino, i ke kaʻina hoʻohana Ke ʻoi aku ka ukana ma mua o ka ukana i ʻae ʻia, hiki mai paha nā pōʻino.ʻO ka ʻōwili wela ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka pā kila i loko o ka pā kila lahilahi ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka ʻōwili anu ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka pā kila ma ka lumi wela.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokō mua ʻia ka ʻōwili wela, a laila ka ʻōwili anu.Ke ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka pā kila, hiki ke ʻōwili wela wale ʻia, a laila ʻōwili ʻia ke anu ma hope o ka ʻōwili ʻia ʻana i ka pā lahilahi.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pā kila kila i loko o ka pā mānoanoa (ka mānoanoa> 4mm) a me ka pā lahilahi (ka mānoanoa 0.35 ~ 4mm).ʻO ka pā kila ʻōwili anuanu wale nō ka pā lahilahi (ka mānoanoa o 0.2 ~ 4mm).ʻO ka wela o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻōwili wela ma ke ʻano he 800 ~ 900 ℃, a laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau i ka lewa, no laila ua like ke kūlana ʻōwili wela me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau.Ua uhi ʻia nā mea metala i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana ʻōwili wela me kahi ʻāpana o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka ʻili, no laila ua loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa corrosion.ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā koi no ka mālama ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana e like me nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke kiʻi anuanu (rolling).No ka laʻana, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka ʻāpana kila nui a me ka nui o ka nui a me ka pā kila mānoanoa ma ka pā ukana ākea a i uhi ʻia me ka rayon.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻōwili wela, ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā mea metala ʻōwili anuanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻili a me nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe.Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka corrosion a i ʻole ka ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kāna ʻeke, mālama a me ka halihali ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia i loko o ka hale kūʻai, a pono e hoʻolohe i ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hale kūʻai.