1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā pā kila (me ke kila kaulahao):

1. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka mānoanoa: (1) ʻO ka pā lahilahi (2) ka pā waena (3) ka pā mānoanoa (4) ka pā mānoanoa hou.

2. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano hana: (1) ʻO ka pā kila wela wela (2) ʻO ka pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia

3. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili: (1) Pepa galvanized (pepa wela wela, pepa electro-galvanized) (2) Pepa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka tin (3) Pepa kila huila (4) Pepa kila i uhi ʻia.

4. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana: (1) ʻO ka pā kila alahaka (2) ʻO ka pā hao paila (3) Paʻa kila hana moku (4) ʻO ka pā kila kila (5) Paʻa kila o ke kaʻa (6) ʻO ka pā hao (7) Pāʻani kila (8) ) Paʻa kila uila (silicon steel sheet) (9) Spring steel plate (10) Others

2. ʻO ka ʻōwili wela:

ʻO nā wili ʻili ʻili wela ʻO nā pā kila i kūkulu ʻia ʻO nā pā kila kaʻa ʻO nā pā kila kūkulu moku ʻO nā pā kila Alahaka ʻO nā pā kila Boiler paʻi hao ʻO nā pā hao pahu ʻO nā pā pale ʻino E hoʻololi i ke anuanu me ka wela Nā pā ākea a kaumaha o Baosteel.

3. ʻO ke anu anuanu:

ʻO nā ʻōwili paʻa i ʻōwili paʻa ʻia nā ʻili ʻōwili ʻulaʻula Nā pepa uila GB i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pahu WISCO silicon steel hoʻohana ʻia.

4. Ka paila kila a pepehi ʻia ka pā kila:

1. ʻO ka paila kila he pā kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia mai ke kila kila kila maʻamau.ʻO ke kila paila he ʻano kila me ka deoxidation ʻole.Hoʻohana wale ʻia kahi nui o ka deoxidizer nāwaliwali e hoʻoheheʻe i ke kila hoʻoheheʻe.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen ma loko o ke kila hehee.Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka mold ingot, hana ke kalapona a me ka oxygen e hana i ka nui o ke kinoea, e hoʻolapalapa ai ke kila hoʻoheheʻe., Ua loaa ka inoa o ke kila paila.ʻO ke kila rimmed he haʻahaʻa kalapona haʻahaʻa, a no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i ka ferrosilicon no ka deoxidation, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka silicon ma ke kila (Si<0.07%).ʻO ka papa o waho o ke kila paila i crystallized ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka hoʻonāukiuki ikaika o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka paila ʻana, no laila he maʻemaʻe a paʻa ka ʻili o ka ʻili, me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ka plasticity maikaʻi a me nā waiwai stamping, ʻaʻohe lua shrinkage concentrated nui, a ʻoki i ke poʻo. He maʻalahi ka hana o ke kila rimmed, liʻiliʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ferroalloy, a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke kila.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pā kila paila i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana stamping like ʻole, ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā hale ʻenekinia a me kekahi mau ʻāpana mīkini liʻiliʻi.Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā mea haumia i loko o ke kumu o ka paila kila, he koʻikoʻi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻa ka hale, a ʻaʻole kūlike nā ʻano mechanical.I ka manawa like, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kinoea ma ke kila, ua haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka brittleness anu a me ka ʻelemakule, a ʻilihune hoʻi ka hana kuʻi.No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono nā papa kila paila no ka hana ʻana i nā hale welded a me nā hale koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe e halihali ana i nā ukana hopena a hana ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

2. ʻO ka pā kila i pepehi ʻia he pā kila i hana ʻia me ke kila kila maʻamau i pepehi ʻia i ke kila ma ka ʻōwili wela.ʻO ke kila pepehiʻia he kila deoxidized loa.Hoʻopau piha ʻia ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka ferromanganese, ferrosilicon a me ka alumini ma mua o ka ninini ʻana.He haʻahaʻa ka ʻike oxygen o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (maʻamau 0.002-0.003%), a ʻoi aku ka mālie o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka mold ingot.ʻAʻohe mea hoʻolapalapa, no laila ka inoa o ke kila i pepehi ʻia.Ma lalo o nā kūlana hana maʻamau,ʻaʻohe'ōhū i loko o ke kila i pepehiʻia, a ua like keʻano a me ka paʻa;ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen, ʻo ke kila ka liʻiliʻi o ka oxide inclusions, ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke ʻano ʻelemakule;i ka manawa like, he liʻiliʻi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kila i pepehi ʻia, ʻO ka hana maʻamau a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe.ʻO nā hemahema o ke kila i pepehi ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila pepehi ʻia no nā ʻāpana e kū i ka hopena i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā hale welded, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

Ua pepehi ʻia nā pā kila haʻahaʻa a me nā pā kila semi-kiled.Ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me kaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke ho'ōla i ka nui o ke kila a ho'ēmi i ke kaumaha o ka hale, ua lilo kona noi aʻoi aku ka nui.

5. Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kalapona kūkulu kila pā:

ʻO ke kila kalapona kūlana kiʻekiʻe he kila kalapona me ka maʻi kalapona ma lalo o 0.8%.ʻO kēia kila ka liʻiliʻi o ka sulfur, phosphorus a me ka non-metallic inclusions ma mua o ke kila structural carbon, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e like me nā ʻano kalapona ʻokoʻa: haʻahaʻa-carbon kila (C≤0.25%), medium-carbon kila (C he 0.25-0.6%) a me kiʻekiʻe-carbon kila (C>0.6 %).

Wahi a nā ʻano manganese ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: ka ʻike manganese maʻamau (maʻiʻo manganese 0.25% -0.8%) a me ka ʻike manganese kiʻekiʻe (maʻiʻo manganese 0.70% -1.20%).ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini.Hana a me ka hana hana.

1. ʻO ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻa, ka ʻoihana mokulele a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.ʻO kona mau māka kila he kila kila: 08F, 10F, 15F;pepehi kila: 08, 08AL, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50. ʻO nā papa kila kalapona haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 25 a me 25, 30 a ma luna o 30 ka pā kila kalapona.

2. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pā kila mānoanoa a me nā ʻāpana kila ākea kiʻekiʻe.ʻO kāna mau mea kila he mau hao kalapona haʻahaʻa me: 05F, 08F, 08, 10F, 10, 15F, 15, 20F, 20, 25, 20Mn, 25Mn, etc.;ʻO nā kila kalapona ma waena: 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 30Mn, 40Mn, 50Mn, 60Mn, etc.;kiʻekiʻe kalapona kila komo: 65, 70, 65Mn, etc.

6. Pā kila kūikawā kūikawā:

1. Pā kila no ka ipu kaomi: E hoʻohana i ke poʻo nui R e hōʻike i ka hopena o ka papa.Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka māka e ka yield point a i ʻole carbon content a i ʻole alloying element.E like me: Q345R, Q345 ka helu hua.ʻO kekahi laʻana: 20R, 16MnR, 15MnVR, 15MnVNR, 8MnMoNbR, MnNiMoNbR, 15CrMoR, etc. ua hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kalapona a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui.

2. Paʻa kila no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā pahu kinoea: E hoʻohana i ka HP kapikala e hōʻike i ka hopena o ka papa, a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kona māka e ka helu hua, e like me: Q295HP, Q345HP;hiki ke hōʻike pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻohuihui, e like me: 16MnREHP.

3. Pā kila no ka paila: E hoʻohana i ka hua liʻiliʻi g e kuhikuhi ma ka hope o ka inoa inoa.Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kona māka e ka helu hua, e like me: Q390g;Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻona kalapona a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohuihui, e like me 20g, 22Mng, 15CrMog, 16Mng, 19Mng, 13MnNiCrMoNbg, 12Cr1MoVg, etc.

4. Nā pā kila no nā alahaka: E hoʻohana i ka hua liʻiliʻi q e hōʻike i ka hopena o ka papa, e like me Q420q, 16Mnq, 14MnNbq, etc.

5. Pā kila no ke kaola kaʻa: E hoʻohana i ke kapikala L e hōʻike ma ka hope o ka papa, e like me 09MnREL, 06TiL, 08TiL, 10TiL, 09SiVL, 16MnL, 16MnREL, etc.